Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Published in 1938
by The McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York
Copyright 1938 by The McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.
First Hyperion reprint edition 1973
Library of Congress Catalogue Number 73-888
ISBN 0-88355-081-4
Printed in the United States of America
Dedicated with filial affection
to
United States Judge in the Philippines,
Counselor to and Biographer of President
Sun Yat-sen, Formerly Legal Adviser to
the National Government of China
To the cynic, two nations clasped in murderous embraceyet nominally living in peace with each other might well be oneof the miracles of our century. No less miraculous has beenfor many the tenacity of Chinese resistance to Japan's invasionever since the first bullets whizzed through the night nearthe Marco Polo Bridge southwest of Peking early in July, 1937.The undeclared war has spread disaster through an area largerthan that immediately affected in Europe's battles from 1914to 1918; hundreds of thousands have died in action; for monthsChina's capital has been in the hands of the enemy. But Chinais not on her knees.
The explanation is simple. For the first time in her history,China fights as a nation. More is involved than can be attributedto Generalissimo Chiang K'ai-shek's personal leadershipor the strategic and organizational services rendered, until hisrecent recall to Germany, by Alexander von Falkenhausen, chiefof staff of the Turkish armies during the World War. A peoplewithout allegiance to its government and without faith in itselfwould have been incapable of braving the ordeal of retreat,massacre, and occupation as successfully as have the Chinese.That China fights today as a nation is no small tribute to theNational Government of the Kuomintang established at Nankingin 1927. How long she will be able to fight as a nation isa question to be answered only by reference to the nationalmentality and