Citizen, colonist, pioneer! These three words carry the history of the UnitedStates back to its earliest form in 'the Newe Worlde called America.' But whoprepared the way for the pioneers from the Old World and what ensured theirsafety in the New? The title of the present volume, ElizabethanSea-Dogs, gives the only answer. It was during the reign of Elizabeth, thelast of the Tudor sovereigns of England, that Englishmen won the command of thesea under the consummate leadership of Sir Francis Drake, the first of modernadmirals. Drake and his companions are known to fame as Sea-Dogs. They won theEnglish right of way into Spain's New World. And Anglo-American history beginswith that century of maritime adventure and naval war in which English sailorsblazed and secured the long sea-trail for the men of every other kind who foundor sought their fortunes in America.
In the early spring of 1476 the Italian Giovanni Caboto, who, like ChristopherColumbus, was a seafaring citizen of Genoa, transferred his allegiance toVenice.
The Roman Empire had fallen a thousand years before. Rome now held temporalsway only over the States of the Church, which were weak in armed force, evenwhen compared with the small republics, dukedoms, and principalities which laynorth and south. But Papal Rome, as the head and heart of a spiritual empire,was still a world-power; and the disunited Italian states were first in theco