The Armies of Labor
By Samuel P. Orth
A Chronicle of the Organized Wage-Earners
Volume 40 of the
Chronicles of America Series
∴
Allen Johnson, Editor
Assistant Editors
Gerhard R. Lomer
Charles W. Jefferys
Textbook Edition
New Haven: Yale University Press
Toronto: Glasgow, Brook & Co.
London: Humphrey Milford
Oxford University Press
Copyright, 1919
by Yale University Press
Printed in the United States of America
| Chapter | Chapter Title | Page |
|---|---|---|
| I. | The Background | 1 |
| II. | Formative Years | 19 |
| III. | Transition Years | 40 |
| IV. | Amalgamation | 65 |
| V. | Federation | 87 |
| VI. | The Trade Union | 112 |
| VII. | The Railway Brotherhoods | 133 |
| VIII. | Issues and Warfare | 168 |
| IX. | The New Terrorism: The I. W. W. | 188 |
| X. | Labor and Politics | 220 |
| Bibliographical Note | 261 | |
| Index | 265 |
THE ARMIES OF LABOR
CHAPTER I
THE BACKGROUND
Three momentous things symbolize the era thatbegins its cycle with the memorable year of 1776: the Declaration ofIndependence, the steam engine, and Adam Smith’s book, The Wealthof Nations. The Declaration gave birth to a new nation, whose millionsof acres of free land were to shift the economic equilibrium of the world;the engine multiplied man’s