THE MAKERS
OF
MODERN ROME

POPE GREGORY.
Frontispiece.

THE MAKERS
OF
MODERN ROME

IN FOUR BOOKS

I. HONOURABLE WOMEN NOT A FEW
II. THE POPES WHO MADE THE PAPACY
III. LO POPOLO: AND THE TRIBUNE OF THE PEOPLE
IV. THE POPES WHO MADE THE CITY

BY

MRS. OLIPHANT

AUTHOR OF "THE MAKERS OF FLORENCE"

WITH ILLUSTRATIONS BY HENRY P. RIVIERE, A.R.W.S.AND JOSEPH PENNELL

New York

MACMILLAN AND CO.

AND LONDON

1896

All rights reserved

Copyright, 1895,
By MACMILLAN AND CO.

Set up and electrotyped November, 1895. ReprintedJanuary, 1896.

Norwood Press
J. S. Cushing & Co.—Berwick & Smith.
Norwood Mass. U.S.A.

I INSCRIBE THIS BOOK
WITH THE DEAR NAMES OF THOSE OF MINE
WHO LIE UNDER THE WALLS OF ROME:
AND OF HIM, THE LAST OF ALL,
WHO WAS BORN IN THAT SAD CITY:
ALL NOW AWAITING ME, AS I TRUST,
WHERE GOD MAY PLEASE.

F. W. O.
M. W. O.
F. R. O.

PREFACE.

ix

Nobody will expect in this book, or from me, theresults of original research, or a settlement—if anysettlement is ever possible—of vexed questions whichhave occupied the gravest students. An individualglance at the aspect of these questions which mostclearly presents itself to a mind a little exercised inthe aspects of humanity, but not trained in the waysof learning, is all I attempt or desire. This humbleendeavour has been conscientious at least. The workhas been much interrupted by sorrow and suffering,on which account, for any slips of hers, the writerasks the indulgence of her unknown friends.

CONTENTS.

xi