Transcriber's Note:
Inconsistent hyphenation in the original document has been preserved.
Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.For a complete list, please see the end of this document.
SOCIALISM AND
DEMOCRACY IN
EUROPE
By
SAMUEL P. ORTH, Ph.D.
Author of "Five American Politicians" "Centralization of
Administration in Ohio," etc.
NEW YORK
HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY
1913
Copyright, 1913
by
HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY
Published January, 1913
THE QUINN & BODEN CO. PRESS
RAHWAY, N.J.
PREFACE
It is becoming more and more evident that democracy has served onlythe first years of its apprenticeship. Political problems have servedonly to introduce popular government. The economic problems nowrushing upon us will bring the real test of democracy.
The workingman has taken an advanced place in the struggle for thedemocratization of industry. He has done so, first, through theorganization of labor unions; secondly, through the development ofpolitical parties—labor parties. The blend of politics and economicswhich he affects is loosely called Socialism. The term is asindefinite in meaning as it is potent in influence. It has spread itsunctuous doctrines over every industrial land, and its representativessit in every important parliament, including our Congress.
Such a movement requires careful consideration from every point ofview.
It is the object of this volume to trace briefly the growth of themovement in four leading European countries, and to attempt todetermine the relation of economic and political Socialism todemocracy—a question of peculiar interest to the friends of theAmerican Republic at this time.
In preparing this volume, the author has made extended visits to thecountries studied. He has tried to catch the spirit of the movement bypersonal contact with the Socialist leaders and their antagonists,and by many interviews with laboring men, the rank and file in every[iv]country visited.
Everywhere he was received with the greatest cordiality, and he wisheshere to express his appreciation of these many kindnesses.
He wishes especially to acknowledge his obligations to the followinggentlemen: Mr. Graham Wallas of the University of London; Mr. W.G.Towler of the London Municipal Society; Mr. John Hobson of London, andMr. J.S. Middleton, assistant secretary of the Labor Party; to Dr.Robert Herz and Prof. Charles Gide of the University of Paris; Dr.Albert Thomas and M. Adolphe Landry of the Chamber of Deputies; M.Jean Longuet, editor of L'Humanité; to Dr. Franz Oppenheimer of theUniversity of Berlin; Dr. Südekum of the Reichstag; Dr. Hilferding,e