Cover

THE

SEAMAN'S FRIEND;

CONTAINING

A TREATISE ON PRACTICAL SEAMANSHIP,
WITH PLATES,

A DICTIONARY OF SEA TERMS;

CUSTOMS AND USAGES OF THE MERCHANT SERVICE;

LAWS RELATING TO THE PRACTICAL DUTIES OF
MASTER AND MARINERS.

By R. H. DANA, Jr.,
AUTHOR OF "TWO YEARS BEFORE THE MAST."

FIFTH EDITION.
BOSTON:
PUBLISHED BY THOMAS GROOM.
1847.
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1841,
By R. H. DANA, Jr.,
in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Massachusetts.
STEREOTYPED BY
GEO. A. & J. CURTIS,
NEW-ENGLAND TYPE AND STEREOTYPE FOUNDRY.
Transcriber's Note: Minor typographical errors have been correctedwithout note. Irregularities and inconsistencies in the text havebeen retained as printed. The cover of this book was created by thetranscriber and is hereby placed in the public domain.
To all sea-faring persons, and especially to those commencing the sealife;—to owners and insurers of vessels;—to judges and practitionersin maritime law;—and to all persons interested in acquaintingthemselves with the laws, customs, and duties of Seamen;—this work isrespectfully dedicated by
THE AUTHOR.
CONTENTS.
PART I.
A PLAIN TREATISE ON PRACTICAL SEAMANSHIP.
CHAP. I.—General Rules and Observations, pages 13—18.
Construction of vessels, 13. Tonnage and carriage of merchantvessels, 14. Proportions of spars, 14. Placing the masts, 16. Sizeof anchors and cables, 16. Lead-lines, 17. Log-line, 17. Ballast andlading, 18.
CHAP. II.—Cutting and fitting Standing Rigging, 19—25.
Cutting lower rigging, 19. Fitting lower rigging, 20. Cutting andfitting topmast rigging, 21. Jib, topgallant and royal rigging, 21.Ratling, 23. Standing rigging of the yards, 23. Breast-backstays,25.
CHAP. III.—Fitting and reeving Running Rigging, 26—29.
To reeve a brace, 26. Fore, main, and cross-jack braces, 26. Foreand main topsail braces, 26. Mizzen topsail braces, 27. Fore, main,and mizzen topgallant and royal braces, 27. Halyards, 27. Spankerbrails, 28. Tacks, sheets, and clewlines, 28. Reef-tackles,clew-garnets, buntlines, leechlines, bowlines, and slablines, 29.
CHAP. IV.—To rig Masts and Yards, 30—36.
Taking in lower masts and bowsprit, 30. To rig a bowsprit, 31. Toget the tops over the mast-heads, 31. To send up a topmast, 31. Toget on a topmast cap, 32. To rig out a jib-boom, 32. To cross alower yard, 33. To cross a topsail yard, 33. To send up a topgallantmast, 34. Long, short, and stump topgallant masts, 34. To rig out aflying jib-boom, 34. To cross a topgallant yard, 35. To c                        
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