FRAGMENTS

OF

EARTH LORE

PLATE I

The Edinberg Geographical Institute     J. G. Bartholemew, F.R.G.S.

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FRAGMENTS

OF

EARTH LORE

SKETCHES & ADDRESSES

Geological and Geographical

BY

JAMES GEIKIE, D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., &c.

MURCHISON-PROFESSOR OF GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY IN THE
UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH
FORMERLY OF H.M. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF SCOTLAND

WITH MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS

JOHN BARTHOLOMEW & CO.
LONDON: SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT & Co., Ltd.
1893

PREFACE.

The articles in this volume deal chiefly with the historyof Glacial times and the origin of surface-features. As theywere not written with any view to their subsequent appearancein a collected form, each is so far independent andcomplete in itself. Under these circumstances some repetitionwas unavoidable, if the articles were not to be recast,and I did not think it advisable to make such radicalalteration. With the exception of verbal changes and someexcisions, therefore, the papers remain substantially in theiroriginal state. Here and there a footnote has been addedto indicate where the views expressed in the text havesince been modified; but I have not been careful to insertsuch notes throughout. Geologists, like other folk, liveand learn, and the reader will probably discover that theopinions set forth in some of the later articles are occasionallyin advance of those maintained in the writer’searlier days.

I have to thank the Publishers of Good Words forallowing me to republish the articles on the Cheviot Hillsand the Outer Hebrides. My acknowledgments are alsodue to Mr. Bartholomew for the excellent maps with whichthe volume is so well illustrated.

Edinburgh, April 5th, 1893.

LIST OF MAPS.