U.S. Department of Justice
Office of Justice Programs
Bureau of Justice Statistics
Special Report
Prevalence of Imprisonment in the U.S. Population,
1974-2001
August 2003, NCJ 197976
By Thomas P. Bonczar
BJS Statistician
Highlights
At yearend 2001 over 5.6 million U.S. adults had ever served time inState or Federal prison
* Of adults in 2001 who had ever served time in prison, nearly as manywere black (2,166,000) as were white (2,203,000). An estimated 997,000were Hispanic.
---------------------------------------------------------------------- At yearend 2001, over 5.6 million U.S. residents had ever served time in State or Federal prison U.S. residents Percent of adult ever incarcerated Number U.S. residents 1974 1991 2001 1974 1991 2001 Total 1,819,000 3,437,000 5,618,000 1.3% 1.8% 2.7% Male 1,677,000 3,142,000 5,037,000 2.3 3.4 4.9 White 837,000 1,395,000 1,978,000 1.4 1.9 2.6 Black 595,000 1,181,000 1,936,000 8.7 12.0 16.6 Hispanic 94,000 392,000 911,000 2.3 4.9 7.7 Female 142,000 295,000 581,000 0.2% 0.3% 0.5% White 86,000 139,000 225,000 0.1 0.2 0.3 Black 51,000 109,000 231,000 0.6 0.9 1.7 Hispanic 8,000 30,000 86,000 0.2 0.4 0.7 White 922,000 1,533,000 2,203,000 0.8% 1.1% 1.4% Black 646,000 1,290,000 2,166,000 4.5 6.2 8.9 Hispanic 102,000 422,000 997,000 1.3 2.7 4.3 U.S. adult resident population 1974 1991 2001 Total 145,356,000 187,982,751 210,207,901 Male 69,217,000 90,362,099 101,492,258 White 57,704,209 69,718,665 74,217,435 Black 6,593,640 9,465,170 11,287,707 Hispanic 3,923,600 8,022,134 11,452,968 Female 76,133,000 97,620,652 108,715,643 White 63,173,779 75,415,364 78,956,773 Black 7,813,782 11,222,468 13,178,900 Hispanic 4,074,628 7,655,854 11,496,534 White 120,878,496 145,134,029 153,174,207 Black 14,406,407 20,687,638 24,466,606 Hispanic 7,998,062 15,677,988 22,949,502 Note: Because of estimation and other rounding procedures, some detail may not add to totals and may not match precisely totals in other tables. ----------------------------------------------------------------------
* The rate of ever having gone to prison among adult blackmales(16.6%) was over twice as high as among adult Hispanic males(7.7%) and over 6 times as high as among adult white males (2.6%).
* U.S. residents ages 35 to 39 in 2001 were more likely to have goneto prison (3.8%) than any other age group, up from 2.3% in 1991.
* An estimated 22% of black males ages 35 to 44 in 2001 had ever beenconfined in State or Federal prison, compared to 10.0% of Hispanicmales and 3.5% of white males in the same age group.
If incarceration rate