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ITALIAN ALPS
LONDON: PRINTED BY
SPOTTISWOODE AND CO., NEW-STREET SQUARE
AND PARLIAMENT STREET
ITALIAN ALPS
SKETCHES IN THE MOUNTAINS OF TICINO, LOMBARDY,
THE TRENTINO, AND VENETIA
BY
DOUGLAS W. FRESHFIELD
AUTHOR OF 'TRAVELS IN THE CAUCASUS AND BASHAN' AND
EDITOR OF 'THE ALPINE JOURNAL'
Over the great windy waters, and over the clear-crested summits
Unto the sun and the sky, and unto the perfecter earth
Clough
LONDON
LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.
1875
All rights reserved
TO THE
MOST CONSTANT OF MY COMPANIONS
FRANÇOIS JOSEPH DEVOUASSOUD
NOTE.
The First Chapter is reprinted with corrections and additions from'Fraser's Magazine.' The Thirteenth and fragments of one or two othershave previously appeared in the 'Alpine Journal,' from which three of theillustrations have also been borrowed. The remaining seven have beenengraved for this work under the care of Mr. G. Pearson.
The heights throughout the book and in all the maps are given inEnglish feet.
PREFACE.
I owe a double apology for the publication of thisvolume; in the first place to the public, secondly tomy friends.
'Mountaineering' has been by this time fully describedby very competent writers. No new book islikely to have any chance of rivalling the popularity ofthe first series of 'Peaks, Passes, and Glaciers,' or ofthe dramatic story of the Matterhorn, as told andillustrated by Mr. E. Whymper. There is no longerthe least novelty in the small feats of gymnasticsannually performed, or supposed to be performed,by members of the Alpine Club. Few readers, Ithink, outside that body of enthusiasts, are eagerto hear anything more of guides an