Transcriber’s notes:
In this transcription, hyperlinks are indicated by a black dottedunderline (and a teal highlight when the mouse pointer hovers overthem). A red dashed underline indicates the presence of atranscriber’s comment; scrolling the mouse pointer over such textwill reveal the comment. Footnote markers in the text are hyperlinked tothe footnotes located at the end of the book. Page numbers are shown inthe right margin.
Cross-references to tables, figures and pages within this volume havebeen hyperlinked, but cross-references to the other three volumes of thepublication have not been hyperlinked because they are not yet availablein html format.
The table of contents contains a mix of italicised and non-italicisedentries that generally correspond to different heading levels in thebody of the text, but the correspondence is inaccurate and not allheadings are listed. No attempt has been made to correct theseanomalies.
Where appropriate, illustrations have been repositioned close to theirfirst reference in the text, and their page locations have been adjustedin the list of illustrations at the beginning of the book.
The text contains several archaic symbols representing measures ofweight that were used by apothecaries. Modern browsers display thesymbols correctly with Times New Roman or Lucida Sans Unicode fonts. Themain symbols are ‘ʒ’ representing the drachm unit ofweight, and ‘℥’ representing the ounce unit of weight(8 drachms = 1 ounce). The third symbol does not have an exact computerequivalent and has been represented in this transcription by thecharacter ‘ɱ’, which can signify ‘minim’ (ameasure of volume equal to 1/60th of a fluid drachm), ‘drop’,or ‘part by volume’. If the symbols are not displayed correctly, try using adifferent font or a different browser, or click on ‘minim’,‘drachm’ or ‘ounce’ to see images of what theylook like. Roman numerals x, v, i and j (i and j both represent 1)indicate the quantities associated with these symbols.
Various inconsistencies of spelling and hyphenation occur throughout thetext; some are simple typographical errors but most are probablyvariations attributable to the book's multiple authorship. Words withvariable spellings that occur with similar frequency (e.g. trocar /trochar, aneurism / aneurysm) have not been changed, but mostother spelling inconsistencies have been ‘corrected’ to the predominantform (e.g. Caesarian --> Caesarean, turbinate --> turbinal).Omitted letters have been corrected by inserting the missing letters insquare brackets (e.g. sella turc[ic]a). Simple typos such as uretha(urethra) and polpyus (polypus) have been corrected silently, andlikewise with missing punctuation such as commas omitted from the indexand the table of contents. An apostrophe is used inconsistently with theproper noun Bruening or Bruenings.
Inconsistencies of spacing and hyphenation have been treated similarly.For example, spaces have been removed from the abbreviations i.e.e.g. and from percentage values. Compound nouns that occur equallyoften with/without hyphens, have not been changed, e.g. bone forceps /bone-forceps, attic wall / attic-wall, whereas those that are moreoften either hyphenated or not hyphenated, have been standardisedaccordingly, e.g. punch forceps --> punch-forcep