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The National Park Service is dedicated to preserving thescenic, scientific, and historic heritage of the United Statesfor the benefit and enjoyment of its people. Help protectyour Park from its new exotic the “LITTERBUG.”
THE INDIANS OF
CARLSBAD CAVERNS NATIONAL PARK
by
Jack R. Williams
Cover by
Phyllis Freeland Broyles
CONTENTS
- Page
- Acknowledgements 2
- The Indians of Carlsbad Caverns National Park 5
- Early Man 9
- The Carlsbad Basketmakers 10
- The Mescalero Apaches 25
- The Comanches 34
- Bibliography 38
- Footnotes 38
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This booklet was prepared as an elementary basis for thoseinterested in the Indians of this section. It is far from completebut if it answers only one question—the effort was well spent.
It is rare that research into any subject is done alone. Thisis no exception, for many are responsible in their contributions.
First, without the help, comments and criticism of Erik Reedthis paper would have been nought. Then thanks must go toCharlie Steen and Stanley Stubbs for their pottery identificationwhich helped establish the various time phases.
The persons listed in the bibliography represent the truebasis of learning and I unhesitatingly refer one and all to them.
To Lynn Coffin for his encouragement and comments, gratefulacknowledgement is made. To Bob Barrel for his help—talk,photos and all—thanks are extended.
Especial thanks must go to Mary Pauline Smith for takingcare of the grammatical errors as well as typing the manuscript.And, to Phyllis Broyles for her art work.
The map, head sketches and photos not credited are by theauthor.
This is dedicated to my wife, Marie.
Copyright 1956 by Jack R. Williams, Carlsbad, New Mexico
Map showing distribution of Indian groups
Natural entrance to the Carlsbad Caverns
THE INDIANS OF
CARLSBAD CAVERNS NATIONAL PARK
The Indian story of the Park is quite complicated forseveral reasons. First, we cannot confin