E-text prepared by David Ceponis
Note: A compilation of all five volumes of this work is also available individually in the Project Gutenberg library. See https://www.gutenberg.org/etext/10706
The original German version of this work, Roemische Geschichte, Viertes Buch: Die Revolution, is in the Project Gutenberg E-Library as E-book #3063. See https://www.gutenberg.org/etext/3063
THE HISTORY OF ROME, BOOK IV
The Revolution
by
THEODOR MOMMSEN
Translated with the Sanction of the Author
by
William Purdie Dickson, D.D., LL.D.
Professor of Divinity in the University of Glasgow
Preparer's Note
This work contains many literal citations of and references to words,sounds, and alphabetic symbols drawn from many languages, includingGothic and Phoenician, but chiefly Latin and Greek. This Englishlanguage Gutenberg edition, constrained within the scope of 7-bitASCII code, adopts the following orthographic conventions:
1) Words and phrases regarded as "foreign imports", italicized in theoriginal text published in 1903; but which in the intervening centuryhave become "naturalized" into English; words such as "de jure","en masse", etc. are not given any special typographic distinction.
2) Except for Greek, all literally cited non-English words that donot refer to texts cited as academic references, words that in thesource manuscript appear italicized, are rendered with a singlepreceding, and a single following dash; thus, -xxxx-.
3) Greek words, first transliterated into Roman alphabetic equivalents,are rendered with a preceding and a following double-dash; thus, —xxxx—.Note that in some cases the root word itself is a compound form such asxxx-xxxx, and is rendered as —xxx-xxx—
4) Simple non-ideographic references to vocalic sounds, single letters,or alphabeic dipthongs; and prefixes, suffixes, and syllabic referencesare represented by a single preceding dash; thus, -x, or -xxx.
5) The following refers particularly to the complex discussion ofalphabetic evolution in Ch. XIV: Measuring And Writing). Ideographicreferences, meaning pointers to the form of representation itself ratherthan to its content, are represented as -"id:xxxx"-. "id:" stands for"ideograph", and indicates that the reader should form a mental picturebased on the "xxxx" following the colon. "xxxx" may represent a singlesymbol, a word, or an attempt at a picture composed of ASCII characters.E. g. —"id:GAMMA gamma"— indicates an uppercase Greek gamma-formFollowed by the form in lowercase. Some such exotic parsing as thisis necessary to explain alphabetic development because a single symbolmay have been used for a number of sounds in a number of languages,or even for a number of sounds in the same language at differenttimes. Thus, -"id:GAMMA gamma" might very well refer to a Phoenicianconstruct that in appearance resembles the form that eventuallystabilized as an uppercase Greek "gamma" juxtaposed to another oneof lowercase. Also, a construct such as —"id:E" indicates a symbolthat in graphic form most closely resembles an ASCII uppercase "E",but, in fact, is actually drawn more crudely.
6) The numerous subheading references, of the form "XX. XX. Topic"found in the appended section of endnotes are to be taken as "proximate"rather than topical indicators. That is, the information containedin the endnote indicates primarily the location in the main textof the closest indexing