CLIFF DWELLINGS OF THE MESA VERDE
A Story in Pictures
Don Watson
Mesa Verde Museum Association
Mesa Verde National Park
Colorado
DISCOVERY OF THE FIRST CLIFF DWELLINGS
Although the Spaniards were in the Mesa Verde region as early as 1765, there is no record of their having seen the cliffdwellings. It is probable, however, that they gave the great mesa its name, which in Spanish means, “green table.” First mentionof the name was made by Professor J. S. Newberry, a geologist, who climbed to the summit of the mesa in 1859. From the mannerin which Newberry used the name, “Mesa Verde,” in his report there can be no doubt that it had been applied prior to that time.
In 1874, Mr. W. H. Jackson, later famous as the “Pioneer Photographer,” came into the region. Immediately upon reachingthe mining camps of the La Plata Mountains, Jackson, who was making a photographic survey for the government, began to hear ofancient ruins in the Mesa Verde. Intrigued by these stories he hired a garrulous miner, John Moss, to guide him to the ruins whichwere said to be in the cliffs of the canyon of the Mancos River.
Entering the canyon on September 9, 1874, the party traveled slowly, carefully scanning the cliffs far above. According toJohn Moss the ruins would be found in caves in the sheer sandstone faces. Although many weary miles were covered no cliff dwellingswere seen and by the time evening camp was made the men were beginning to lose faith in their guide. Impatiently one of themen asked Moss where the ruins were. Without looking up from the campfire Moss waved his arm at the cliff above.
Suddenly the discovery came. Just as the last rays of the sun lighted the uppermost cliff one of the men spied a small dwelling.Seven hundred feet above them it clung to the face of the cliff. The men began to scramble up the canyon wall and just as darknessfell Jackson and another man entered the little ruin. The next morning Jackson returned for his pictures. Thus fame cameto the little cliff dwelling shown in the picture below. Not only was it the first Mesa Verde cliff dwelling known to have been enteredby white men but it was definitely the first ever to be photographed and the first to be named. Jackson called it Two-StoryCliff House. Although Jackson discovered more small cliff dwellings in the Mancos Canyon, Two-Story Cliff House was the finestand the only one he named.
Two-Story Cliff House
This picture duplicates the first photographever taken of a Mesa Verde cliff dwelling. Discoveredin 1874, the ruin is the first known tohave been entered, photographed and named.
A year later, in 1875, another government survey party passed through the Mancos Canyon. Only a mile from Two-StoryCliff House the leader of the party, Mr. W. H. Holmes, discovered a much larger and more imposing cliff dwelling that Jacksonhad missed. To this ruin, shown in the picture below, he gave the name Sixteen Window House.